The tendency toward reduced IL-1 and TNF- levels in the STZR group, compared with the marked elevations observed in the STZ group, with TNF- reduction reaching statistical significance, supports the role of neuroinflammation in diabetes-related cognitive impairment
Behavioral effects: Some patients experience reduced cravings for alcohol, smoking, or even compulsive shopping
Lu C, Xu C, Li S, et al
Despite inherent limitations of observational data and potential for residual confounding, the results from these observational analyses support, in line with RCT findings, combining SGLT2is and GLP-1RAs to reduce cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes in routine clinical care [12, 23, 43, 63]
Nevertheless, monitoring remains essential because subtle symptoms may appear later during prolonged therapy